Hydraulic Control Valve for Forklift

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve - The job of directional control valves is to be able to direct the fluid to the desired actuator. Generally, these control valves consist of a spool positioned in a housing created either of steel or cast iron. The spool slides to various places in the housing. Intersecting channels and grooves route the fluid based on the spool's position.

The spool has a neutral or central location that is maintained with springs. In this position, the supply fluid is blocked or returned to the tank. When the spool is slid to a direction, the hydraulic fluid is routed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. If the spool is transferred to the opposite side, the return and supply paths are switched. Once the spool is enabled to return to the center or neutral position, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into position.

The directional control is usually made to be stackable. They generally have one valve per hydraulic cylinder and one fluid input that supplies all the valves in the stack.

In order to avoid leaking and handle the high pressure, tolerances are maintained very tight. Usually, the spools have a clearance with the housing of less than a thousandth of an inch or 25 µm. So as to avoid jamming the valve's extremely sensitive components and distorting the valve, the valve block would be mounted to the machine' frame by a 3-point pattern.

Mechanical levers, solenoids or a hydraulic pilot pressure may actuate or push the spool left or right. A seal allows a portion of the spool to stick out the housing where it is accessible to the actuator.

The main valve block controls the stack of directional control valves by flow performance and capacity. Several of these valves are designed to be proportional, as a valve position to the proportional flow rate, whereas other valves are designed to be on-off. The control valve is one of the most pricey and sensitive components of a hydraulic circuit.

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